John Skinner's 1895 commentary on Ezekiel, part of the Expositor's Bible series, approaches the prophet's writings with a dual focus: historical context and theological exposition. The preface states the aim to present 'the substance of Ezekiel's prophecies in a form intelligible to students of the English Bible,' and the work delivers on this by weaving together close textual analysis with broader reflections on Israel's history and God's dealings with nations.

The commentary is structured in five parts, tracing Ezekiel's ministry from his call amid the Babylonian exile through oracles against Jerusalem and foreign nations, to visions of restoration and a new theocracy. Skinner's method is evident in his treatment of Egypt: he argues that the prophet envisions not utter annihilation but a 'temporary chastisement' and eventual restoration to a 'lowly state,' a reading grounded in the geographical and political realities of the ancient Near East.

Historical Grounding and Prophetic Interpretation

Skinner consistently anchors Ezekiel's oracles in the political and military events of the 6th century BCE. For example, when discussing the judgment on Egypt, he notes that the 'forty years of her desolation represent in round numbers the period of Chaldæan supremacy during which Jerusalem lies in ruins.' This chronological correlation shows Skinner reading prophecy as a commentary on contemporary history rather than a timeless allegory.

He also highlights the prophet's use of geography to shape his message. Egypt's 'geographical isolation,' Skinner observes, made it impossible for her to 'lose her individuality amongst the nations,' unlike smaller states such as Edom and Ammon. This observation ties the oracle's content to physical reality, demonstrating how Ezekiel's vision of a 'lowly state' for Egypt is constrained by the land's enduring identity.

Skinner's approach is not merely descriptive; he interprets the theological significance of these historical details. The reduction of Egypt serves to demonstrate 'the righteousness of Jehovah' and to remove the 'constant temptation' that Egypt's power posed to Israel, leading them to trust in human strength rather than God.

Theological Themes: Divine Sovereignty and Human Responsibility

A central thread in Skinner's commentary is the theme of divine sovereignty over all nations. In the section on Egypt, he writes that the 'sudden collapse of her might is equivalent to a judgment on heathenism in general,' conveying 'a demonstration of the omnipotence of the one true God.' This is not a generic claim; Skinner ties it to the specific language of Ezekiel's oracles, such as the 'time of the heathen' in chapter 30.

Skinner also emphasizes the prophet's concern with individual responsibility, a theme famously developed in Ezekiel 18. While the excerpts do not include that chapter, the commentary's table of contents lists a chapter on 'The Religion of the Individual,' indicating that Skinner devotes sustained attention to this aspect of Ezekiel's message.

The interplay between national judgment and personal accountability is a hallmark of Skinner's exposition. He presents Ezekiel as a prophet who addresses both the collective fate of Israel and the moral choices of individuals, a balance that reflects the complexity of the biblical text itself.

Literary and Rhetorical Features in the Commentary

Skinner pays close attention to the literary structure of Ezekiel's prophecies. For instance, he notes the use of 'swift messengers' speeding 'up the Nile in ships' to convey news of Egypt's fall, a detail that enlivens the prophetic narrative and underscores its dramatic urgency.

The commentary also reveals Skinner's sensitivity to Ezekiel's symbolic actions and visions. The table of contents includes chapters on 'The Vision of the Glory of God' and 'Life From the Dead,' indicating that Skinner engages with the prophet's most striking imagery. While the excerpts do not detail these sections, they suggest a commentator who takes the literary form of prophecy seriously.

Skinner's prose itself is clear and measured, avoiding florid language in favor of precise exposition. He frequently quotes short phrases from the biblical text—such as 'a confidence, a reminder of iniquity'—to ground his interpretations in the prophet's own words, a practice that lends authority to his analysis.

Skinner's commentary is best read alongside a Bible open to Ezekiel, as his exposition follows the text chapter by chapter. Readers should note that his historical judgments reflect late 19th-century scholarship, particularly the assumption that Ezekiel's prophecies can be correlated with specific events in Babylonian and Egyptian history. The work's value lies in its careful integration of historical context, theological reflection, and literary observation, making it a useful resource for those seeking a thorough, non-technical guide to one of the Old Testament's most challenging books.